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Psychology

Causal Layered Analysis (CLA)

A theory and method of futures research used to deconstruct problems by analyzing them across four levels of reality. It seeks to uncover the deep-seated cultural narratives and metaphors that sustain current systemic issues.

4 phasesPsychology
When to Use This Framework

When participants seem unmotivated or disengaged

You need to understand what drives adult learners and how to create conditions for genuine engagement and retention.

When surface-level solutions (the 'Litany') have failed to solve recurring problems or when trying to shift the culture of a learning environment.

The 4 Steps
Follow this sequence to apply Causal Layered Analysis (CLA)
1

The Litany

2

Social Causes

3

Discourse/Worldview

4

Metaphor/Myth

What You'll Achieve

Taps into intrinsic motivation so participants actually want to participate.

Can be used as a powerful diagnostic tool during the discovery phase of instructional design to identify the 'hidden' barriers to learning or organizational change.

Practical Tips
How to get the most out of this framework
  • 1
    Give participants autonomy over how they engage
  • 2
    Connect content to their real challenges
  • 3
    Build confidence through early wins
  • 4
    Create psychological safety for sharing
Best For
  • Root Cause Analysis
  • Critical Thinking
  • Cultural Transformation
Key Principles
  • Reality is layered and multi-dimensional
  • The 'Litany' level is the most visible but least effective for change
  • True transformation occurs at the Metaphor/Myth level
  • Horizontal and vertical analysis must be integrated
Watch Out For
  • The 'Metaphor/Myth' layer can be abstract and requires skilled facilitation to keep grounded
  • Participants may feel vulnerable when their core worldviews are analyzed
Related Frameworks
Other Psychology frameworks you might find useful
ARCS Model (Keller)Learner motivation checklist
AGES ModelNeuroscience-based memory retention
Universal Design for Learning (UDL)Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is an educational framework based on research in the learning sciences, including cognitive neuroscience, that guides the design of learning environments to reduce barriers and optimize learning for all individuals. It emphasizes flexibility in how learners access information, engage with content, and demonstrate their knowledge.