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Confirming and Disconfirming Case Sampling

This method involves selecting cases that either confirm existing patterns or disconfirm them, allowing for exploration and testing of assumptions. It's useful for refining theories and understanding nuances within a population.

60-120 min3-10 peopleHard
When to Use

Use this method when you want to explore existing patterns and test assumptions about a population.

How It Works

Solves: Confirmation bias; Overlooking contradictory evidence.

Step-by-Step Instructions
Follow these steps to facilitate this method
  1. 1

    Step 1: Identify existing patterns or theories about the population. (15 min)

  2. 2

    Step 2: Select cases that confirm these patterns. (20 min)

  3. 3

    Step 3: Select cases that disconfirm these patterns. (20 min)

  4. 4

    Step 4: Analyze and compare the confirming and disconfirming cases. (30 min)

  5. 5

    Step 5: Refine the initial patterns or theories based on the analysis. (15 min)

Facilitator Tips
  • Actively seek out disconfirming evidence to avoid confirmation bias.
  • Clearly define the criteria for confirming and disconfirming cases.
Variations
  • Use a mixed-methods approach to gather both qualitative and quantitative data.
  • Involve multiple stakeholders in the analysis to reduce bias.
Source: BetterEvaluation.org Rainbow FrameworkLearn more