Socratic Seminar
Participants read a shared text beforehand and arrive with open questions about it. In the session they discuss the text with each other, not through the facilitator, building on and challenging each other's readings with evidence from the text. In the inner and outer circle version, half the group discusses while the other half observes and gives feedback, then they swap.
Use when a group should think hard about a text, report or idea together rather than be told what it means.
Solves: Discussion of a shared reading turns into opinions with no reference to what the text actually says.
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Step 1: Pick a text that supports more than one reading and send it out with a request to bring two open questions (prep).
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Step 2: Agree norms: refer to the text, talk to each other, build on or challenge ideas, make room for quiet voices (5 min).
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Step 3: Inner circle opens with a participant's question and discusses. Outer circle notes key ideas and who speaks (20 min).
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Step 4: Outer circle members give feedback to a partner in the inner circle (5 min).
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Step 5: Swap circles and continue with a new question (20 min).
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Step 6: Debrief the discussion itself: what moved our understanding, and what would make the next seminar better (10 min).
- Say as little as possible once it starts. If people keep looking at you, look at the floor.
- Offer sentence starters such as 'I'd add to that...' or 'Where in the text do you see...'.
- Allow silences. People need time to find the passage they want.
- Full circle without observers for groups under twelve.